Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround and support your teeth. It is caused by the bacteria in dental plaque, a sticky film that forms on your teeth. Gum disease can range from mild (gingivitis) to severe (periodontitis).

This is the early stage of gum disease and is characterized by red, swollen, and tender gums that may bleed during brushing or flossing. However, at this stage, the bone and connective tissue that hold the teeth in place are still unaffected.

If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. In this stage, the gums pull away from the teeth, forming spaces called pockets that become infected.

Over time, the body’s immune response, along with the toxins produced by the bacteria, can break down the bone and connective tissue, leading to tooth loss.

Common signs of gum disease include:

Several factors can increase the risk of developing gum disease, including poor oral hygiene, smoking, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or menopause), diabetes, certain medications, genetic predisposition, and a weakened immune system.

Good oral hygiene practices are crucial in preventing gum disease. This includes brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings.

If gum disease develops, treatment may involve deep cleaning procedures such as scaling and root planing, medication, laser therapy, and, in advanced cases, surgical intervention.